The Circular Economy of Solar Panels in Europe : Recycling and Second-Life Solutions

In Europe, the WEEE Directive requires 80% of PV panel materials to be recycled, but challenges include fragmented regulations and impure recyclates. A European study found that uncoordinated legislation and weak industry collaboration hinder effective solar panel recycling.

In Europe, companies like ROSI are using pyrolysis to recover high-purity silicon, silver, and copper from decommissioned panels. ROSI’s process aims to recycle 10,000 metric tons of end-of-life solar panels annually, improving resource efficiency. Second-life applications involve repurposing used panels for residential or off-grid systems, extending their lifespan.

A strong circular economy for solar panels will depend on technological innovation, policy support, and economic incentives.